{"id":1861,"date":"2020-04-12T13:34:33","date_gmt":"2020-04-12T13:34:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=1861"},"modified":"2025-10-06T10:24:57","modified_gmt":"2025-10-06T10:24:57","slug":"bergen-belsen-trial","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=1861","title":{"rendered":"Bergen-Belsen Trial"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1861\" class=\"elementor elementor-1861\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5dae4e31 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5dae4e31\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-325a9620\" data-id=\"325a9620\" 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id='mega-sub-menu-645'>\n<li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-4226\" id=\"mega-menu-item-4226\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=4187\">Alphabetical Roll of Honour<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-4263\" id=\"mega-menu-item-4263\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=4244\">Alphabetical  \u2018A \u2013 C\u2019<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-4287\" id=\"mega-menu-item-4287\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=4270\">Alphabetical  \u2018D \u2013 G\u2019<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-4303\" id=\"mega-menu-item-4303\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=4289\">Alphabetical  \u2018H \u2013 L\u2019<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-4324\" id=\"mega-menu-item-4324\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=4304\">Alphabetical  \u2018M \u2013 Q\u2019<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-4342\" id=\"mega-menu-item-4342\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=4325\">Alphabetical  \u2018R \u2013 S\u2019<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-4366\" id=\"mega-menu-item-4366\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=4343\">Alphabetical  \u2018T \u2013 Y\u2019<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-has-children mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-651\" id=\"mega-menu-item-651\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=648\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mega-sub-menu-651\">Unit History<span class=\"mega-indicator\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"mega-sub-menu\" id='mega-sub-menu-651'>\n<li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-692\" id=\"mega-menu-item-692\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=686\">Brief History<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-691\" id=\"mega-menu-item-691\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=689\">Regimental Lineage<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-708\" id=\"mega-menu-item-708\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=693\">Battle Honours<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-707\" id=\"mega-menu-item-707\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=696\">Operations &#038; Honours<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-706\" id=\"mega-menu-item-706\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=699\">2nd Anglo-Boer War<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-705\" id=\"mega-menu-item-705\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=702\">First World War<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-655\" id=\"mega-menu-item-655\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=653\">Regimental Records<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-659\" id=\"mega-menu-item-659\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=657\">Page Turning Ceremony<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-663\" id=\"mega-menu-item-663\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=661\">Soldiers of Oxfordshire<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-667\" id=\"mega-menu-item-667\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=665\">142 (QOOH) Veh Sqn RLC<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-has-children mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-671\" id=\"mega-menu-item-671\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=669\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mega-sub-menu-671\">Churchill\u2019s Funeral<span class=\"mega-indicator\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"mega-sub-menu\" id='mega-sub-menu-671'>\n<li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-1364\" id=\"mega-menu-item-1364\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=1342\">Personal Memories<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-1363\" id=\"mega-menu-item-1363\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=1344\">MV Havengore<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-1362\" id=\"mega-menu-item-1362\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=1346\">Funeral Train<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-1361\" id=\"mega-menu-item-1361\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=1348\">St Martin\u2019s Church, Bladon<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-has-children mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-1608\" id=\"mega-menu-item-1608\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=1607\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mega-sub-menu-1608\">Liberation of Belsen<span class=\"mega-indicator\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"mega-sub-menu\" id='mega-sub-menu-1608'>\n<li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-1639\" id=\"mega-menu-item-1639\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=1624\">Before Liberation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-1638\" id=\"mega-menu-item-1638\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=1629\">Liberation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-1637\" id=\"mega-menu-item-1637\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=1633\">After Liberation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-1863\" id=\"mega-menu-item-1863\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=1861\">Bergen-Belsen Trial<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-676\" id=\"mega-menu-item-676\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=673\">Oxfordshire Blue Plaque<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-has-children mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-3745\" id=\"mega-menu-item-3745\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=3621\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mega-sub-menu-3745\">WW2 &#038; 63 (Oxf Yeo) A\/Tank Regt RA TA<span class=\"mega-indicator\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"mega-sub-menu\" id='mega-sub-menu-3745'>\n<li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-3773\" id=\"mega-menu-item-3773\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=3700\">1939 \u2013 1940<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-3822\" id=\"mega-menu-item-3822\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=3764\">1941 \u2013 1942<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-3872\" id=\"mega-menu-item-3872\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=3817\">1943<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-3905\" id=\"mega-menu-item-3905\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=3867\">1944<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-3920\" id=\"mega-menu-item-3920\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=3900\">1945<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-3983\" id=\"mega-menu-item-3983\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=3918\">1946<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-has-children mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-5087\" id=\"mega-menu-item-5087\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=4936\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mega-sub-menu-5087\">251(OY) Bty &amp; 85th Anti-Tank Regt, RA<span class=\"mega-indicator\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"mega-sub-menu\" id='mega-sub-menu-5087'>\n<li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-5091\" id=\"mega-menu-item-5091\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=5013\">Into Battle<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-5095\" id=\"mega-menu-item-5095\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=5063\">Captivity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-5119\" id=\"mega-menu-item-5119\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=5099\">Japan\u2019s Surrender<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-680\" id=\"mega-menu-item-680\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=678\">Clippings<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-684\" id=\"mega-menu-item-684\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=682\">Useful Links<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-3399\" id=\"mega-menu-item-3399\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=3383\">Our Cookie Policy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-privacy-policy mega-menu-item-3407\" id=\"mega-menu-item-3407\"><a target=\"_blank\" class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=3403\">Our Privacy Policy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-72798dfb elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"72798dfb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3d7111dd\" data-id=\"3d7111dd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c5e2139 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c5e2139\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bergen-Belsen Trial<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1ad3472 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1ad3472\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f2f5e77\" data-id=\"f2f5e77\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1de1b1e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1de1b1e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As mentioned on the first page about Belsen Camp\u2019s Liberation, there are many stories, recollections, etc covering this event.\u00a0 What is below is a collection from many websites, the main two are &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bergenbelsen.co.uk\/index.html\">http:\/\/www.bergenbelsen.co.uk\/index.html<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scrapbookpages.com\/BergenBelsen\/ConcentrationCamp.html\">http:\/\/www.scrapbookpages.com\/BergenBelsen\/ConcentrationCamp.html<\/a><\/p><p>This page covers the Trial of &#8216;Josef Kramer and Forty-Four others&#8217;.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c9adde8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c9adde8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b3b4b0b\" data-id=\"b3b4b0b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5700c21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5700c21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"476\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Camp-admin.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1925\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Camp-admin.jpg 810w, https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Camp-admin-350x261.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Camp-admin-768x572.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fa8b8c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fa8b8c5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4732121\" data-id=\"4732121\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c785e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9c785e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>The trial of &#8216;Josef Kramer and Forty-Four others&#8217;<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p>Nearly 500 people, including around 45 women, had worked at the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp as guards or members of the headquarters staff.\u00a0 Very few ever had to answer for their crimes before a court of law.<\/p><p>The first Belsen Trial, which was held before a British military tribunal in L\u00fcneburg in the autumn of 1945, received the most public attention.\u00a0 Since many of the defendants had worked at the Auschwitz concentration and extermination camp prior to their deployment to Bergen-Belsen, the court decided to also try them for the crimes they committed there.<\/p><p>Denazification proceedings were carried out between 1947 and 1949 against former members of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp staff, but the German judiciary only instituted proceedings related to crimes committed at Bergen-Belsen on one occasion.<\/p><p>No Wehrmacht soldiers ever stood trial in a German court for the crimes they committed against Soviet POWs in the Bergen-Belsen, Fallingbostel, Wietzendorf and Oerbke camps.\u00a0 Two preliminary proceedings were instituted against members of the Hamburg Gestapo for their participation in selecting POWs to be murdered at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp, but these proceedings were discontinued in 1970 and 1971.<\/p><p>Well over one hundred journalists from Germany and abroad reported extensively on the proceedings in L\u00fcneburg.\u00a0 They informed the public not only about the mass deaths in Bergen-Belsen, but also about the gassings in Auschwitz-Birkenau.\u00a0 After two months of intensive witness interrogations, the judges sentenced 11 of the defendants to death, including Josef Kramer, head female guard Elisabeth Volkenrath and the last camp doctor Fritz Klein.\u00a0 They were executed on 13 December 1945 at the prison in Hamelin.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-357efa9\" data-id=\"357efa9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0d4e61 elementor-arrows-position-inside elementor-pagination-position-outside elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-carousel\" data-id=\"b0d4e61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;navigation&quot;:&quot;both&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;effect&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500}\" data-widget_type=\"image-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel-wrapper swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Image Carousel\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 of 2\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/30-Lindenstrasse-Luneburg-1-350x277.jpg\" alt=\"30 Lindenstrasse Luneburg 1\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"2 of 2\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/30-Lindenstrasse-Luneburg-2-350x243.jpg\" alt=\"30 Lindenstrasse Luneburg 2\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"eicon-chevron-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-next\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"eicon-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c2f8d3 elementor-arrows-position-inside elementor-pagination-position-outside elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-carousel\" data-id=\"4c2f8d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;navigation&quot;:&quot;both&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;effect&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500}\" data-widget_type=\"image-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel-wrapper swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Image Carousel\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 of 2\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Hamlin-Jail-1-350x314.jpg\" alt=\"Hamlin Jail 1\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"2 of 2\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Hamlin-Jail-2-350x265.jpg\" alt=\"Hamlin Jail 2\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"eicon-chevron-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-next\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"eicon-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0e0c5ea elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0e0c5ea\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fe428a4\" data-id=\"fe428a4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c7f5d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3c7f5d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nine more members of the Bergen-Belsen camp personnel were tried by two other military tribunals in 1946 and 1948.<\/p><p>So-called denazification courts were set up at the directive of the Allies to try people who had been members of the Gestapo, the SS or other criminal organisations.\u00a0 Between 1947 and 1949, proceedings were initiated against at least 46 former members of the Bergen-Belsen guard squads and headquarters staff.\u00a0 Nearly half of these proceedings were discontinued.\u00a0 In 16 cases, the defendants were sentenced to between 120 days and two and a half years in prison or they were fined.\u00a0 However, the judges declared that since these defendants had been interned by the Allies for years in most cases, their prison terms had already been served in full.<\/p><p>Only one German court case was held relating to crimes committed at Bergen-Belsen.\u00a0 This trial held before the Jena district court in 1949 ended with the acquittal of a former SS-Unterscharf\u00fchrer (Corporal).\u00a0 No other trials relating to Bergen-Belsen were ever carried out in either West or East Germany, and the few investigations initiated by the public prosecutor\u2019s office in L\u00fcneburg were eventually discontinued.<\/p><p>More than 200 SS members from Bergen-Belsen who are known by name never had to stand trial.<\/p><p>Bergen-Belsen was the only camp which came under the control of the British Army, so the British Occupation did not have jurisdiction over any of the war criminals who worked in the other camps.\u00a0 All the defendants at The Belsen Trial were provided with defence counsel.\u00a0 Eleven of the defence attorneys were British and one was Polish.<\/p><p>Commandant Josef Kramer had been arrested on April 15, 1945, the same day that British Army troops entered the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp and the adjacent German Army Training Centre.<\/p><p>On April 17th, 1945, 47 other staff members at Bergen-Belsen were arrested, including 12 of the Kapos who were trusted prisoners appointed by the guards as camp supervisors.\u00a0 The next day, the staff members, who were now prisoners themselves, were forced to bury the dead bodies, that were lying around in the camp.<\/p><p>There were two counts listed in the charge sheet: Count One for crimes committed at Bergen-Belsen and Count Two for crimes committed while the guards were previously working at Auschwitz Birkenau.\u00a0 Commandant Kramer, who was the commandant at Birkenau, the Auschwitz II camp, prior to being transferred to Bergen-Belsen, was charged with both counts, as were 11 others who had worked under him at Birkenau.\u00a0 Out of the 12 defendants who were charged under Count Two (Auschwitz Birkenau), there was only one defendant, Stanislawa Staroska, who was not also charged with Count One, which was crimes committed at Bergen-Belsen.\u00a0 He was found guilty of Count Two (Auschwitz Birkenau) and sentenced to 10 years in prison.<\/p><p>The 12 defendants who were charged with both counts were Josef Kramer, Dr. Fritz Klein, Peter Weingartner, George Kraft, Franz Hoessler, Juana Bormann, Elisabeth Volkenrath, Herta Ehlert, Irma Grese, Ilse Lothe, Hilde Lohbauer and Heinrich Schreirer.<\/p><p>Two of these 12 defendants who were charged under both counts were acquitted of all charges: George Kraft and Ilse Lothe.<\/p><p>Thirty-two of the 44 defendants were charged only under Count One or crimes committed at Bergen-Belsen.\u00a0 Out of this group of 32, who were charged only under Count One, 12 were acquitted.\u00a0 The total number of defendants who were acquitted of all charges was 14.\u00a0 Thirty of the 44 defendants were found guilty.<\/p><p>The 12 who were charged only with Count One (Bergen-Belsen) and were acquitted were Josef Klippel, Oscar Schmedidzt, Fritz Mathes, Karl Egersdorf, Walter Otto, Eric Barsch, Ignatz Schlomoivicz, Ida Forster, Klara Opitz, Charlotte Klein, Hildegard Halmel and Anton Polanski.<\/p><p>Of the 30 who were found guilty, 6 were found guilty on both Counts One and Two.\u00a0 Five of them were hanged: Josef Kramer, Dr. Fritz Klein, Peter Weingartner, Elizabeth Volkenrath and Irma Grese.\u00a0 Hilde Lohbauer, the sixth defendant who was found guilty on both counts, was sentenced to 10 years in prison.<\/p><p>Twenty-four of the 30 guilty defendants were found guilty of only one count.\u00a0 Of this group, four were found guilty of only Count Two, which was crimes committed at Birkenau: Franz Hoessler, Juana Bormann, Heinrich Schreirer, and Stanislawa Staroska.\u00a0 Schreirer was sentenced to 15 years in prison and Staroska was sentenced to 10 years in prison.\u00a0 Hoessler and Bormann were both hanged.<\/p><p>The twenty others who were found guilty only of Count One, which was crimes at Bergen-Belsen, were Herta Ehlert, Karl Flrazich, Otto Calesson, Anchor Pinchen, Franz Stofel, Wilhelm Dorr, Erich Zoddel, Ilse Forster, Herta Bothe, Frieda Walter, Irene Haschke, Gertrud Fiest, Gertrud Sauer, Hilde Lisiewitz, Johanne Roth, Anna Hempel, Helena Kopper, Vladislav Ostrowoski, Medislaw Burgraf, and Antoni Aurdzeig.<\/p><p>Out of the 20 who were convicted only on Count One, or crimes committed at Bergen-Belsen, four were hanged: Karl Flrazich, Franz Stofel, Anchor Pinchen, and Wilhelm Dorr.<\/p><p>Only one prisoner, Erich Zoddel, was sentenced to Life in Prison; he was convicted only under Count One, crimes committed at Bergen-Belsen.\u00a0 The shortest sentence was given to Hilde Lisiewitz for crimes committed at Bergen-Belsen; she was sentenced to one year in prison.\u00a0 Three of the defendants were sentenced to 15 years for crimes committed at Bergen-Belsen: Herta Ehlert, Otto Calesson, and Helena Kopper.\u00a0 For crimes committed at Auschwitz-Birkenau, Heinrich Schreirer was also sentenced to 15 years.<\/p><p>Eight defendants were sentenced to 10 years in prison: Hilde Lohbauer, Ilse Forster, Herta Bothe, Irene Haschke, Gertrud Sauer, Johanne Roth, Anna Hempel, and Antoni Aurdzeig.\u00a0 Of those who received 10 years, only Hilde Lohbauer was convicted of both Counts One and Two.\u00a0 The other 7 were convicted only of Count One, crimes committed at Bergen-Belsen.<\/p><p>Frieda Walter was sentenced to 3 years imprisonment for crimes at Bergen-Belsen and Gertrud Fiest was sentenced to 5 years, also for crimes committed at Bergen-Belsen.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9474bf0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9474bf0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bbdc5a9\" data-id=\"bbdc5a9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94b8eb7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"94b8eb7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>So, who carried out the hanging sentences ?\u00a0 The answer is Albert Pierrepoint.\u00a0 Many of the \u2018older\u2019 generation will know and remember the name very well, so for the younger readers, a brief introduction to Albert Pierrepoint.<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Albert Pierrepoint &#8211; Period in office &#8211; 1932 &#8211; 1956<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p>Albert Pierrepoint (30 March 1905 \u2013 10 July 1992) is the most famous member of a family who provided three of the United Kingdom&#8217;s official hangmen in the first half of the 20th century.\u00a0 He was born in Clayton, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England.\u00a0 During his life, he lived in Bradford, Lincoln, Oldham and the seaside resort of Southport.<\/p><p>Pierrepoint was by far the most prolific hangman of the twentieth century having executed an estimated 433 men and 17 women in his twenty-four years of service in this country and abroad.<\/p><p>He learnt his trade assisting his uncle Tom and is credited with the quickest hanging on record when he, assisted by Sid Dernley, executed James Inglis in only 7 seconds on the 8th of May 1951 at Strangeways in Manchester.\u00a0 His first execution as &#8216;Number 1&#8217; was that of gangster, Antonio &#8216;Babe&#8217; Mancini at Pentonville Prison on the 17th October 1941.\u00a0 He was assisted in this by Steve Wade.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-236be71\" data-id=\"236be71\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-abbe9b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"abbe9b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"1059\" src=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Albert-Pierrepoint.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-1872\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Albert-Pierrepoint.jpg 722w, https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Albert-Pierrepoint-211x350.jpg 211w, https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Albert-Pierrepoint-619x1024.jpg 619w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e0a2a64 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e0a2a64\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1e19a23\" data-id=\"1e19a23\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4a0a03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e4a0a03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>During World War II, Pierrepoint was called upon to assist with or be principal in the hangings of the 16 American soldiers executed for murder and rape at Shepton Mallet military prison in Somerset.\u00a0 After the war Albert made several visits to Austria and Germany and on the 13th of December 1945 hanged 13 German war criminals at Hameln jail including Irma Grese, Elizabeth Volkenrath and Juana Bormann and ten men including the &#8216;Beast of Belsen&#8217; Josef Kramer.\u00a0 On the previous day, the condemned were weighed and measured so that the hangman could calculate how to adjust the gallows for each one.\u00a0\u00a0 He is thought to have hanged around 200 Nazis in all.<\/p><p><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Irma Grese Nazis War Crimes<\/span> <\/strong><\/p><p>She was among the 44 accused of war crimes at the Belsen Trial.\u00a0 She was tried over the first period of the trials (September 17 &#8211; November 17, 1945) and was represented by Major L. Cranfield.\u00a0 The trials were conducted under British military law in L\u00fcneburg, and the charges derived from the Geneva Convention of 1929 regarding the treatment of prisoners.\u00a0 The accusations against her centred on her ill treatment and murder of Allied nationals imprisoned at the camps, including setting dogs on inmates, shootings and sadistic beatings with a whip.<\/p><p>She was convicted of crimes committed at both Auschwitz and Belsen and sentenced to death by hanging.\u00a0 Her subsequent appeal was rejected. \u00a0Ten others were also sentenced to death including two other women, Juana Bormann and Elisabeth Volkenrath, with whom she stayed up the night before their execution, laughing and singing Nazi songs.\u00a0 Executed at Hameln jail by Albert Pierrepoint, she was the youngest woman to die judicially under English law in the 20th century.<\/p><p>She showed no remorse, and her final words to Pierrepoint were: &#8216;Quick, get it over&#8217;.\u00a0 The following is taken from Pierrepoint\u2019s autobiography :<\/p><p>&#8220;<em>The following morning, we climbed the stairs to the cells where the condemned were waiting.\u00a0 A German officer at the door leading to the corridor flung open the door and we filed past the row of faces and into the execution chamber.\u00a0 The officers stood at attention.\u00a0 Brigadier Paton-Walsh stood with his wrist-watch raised.\u00a0 He gave me the signal, and a sigh of released breath was audible in the chamber.\u00a0 I walked into the corridor.\u00a0 &#8216;Irma Grese,&#8217; I called.\u00a0 The German guards quickly closed all grills on twelve of the inspection holes and opened one door.\u00a0 Irma Grese stepped out.\u00a0 The cell was far too small for me to go inside, and I had to pinion her in the corridor.\u00a0 &#8216;Follow me,&#8217; I said in English, and O&#8217;Neil repeated the order in German.\u00a0 At 9.34 a.m. she walked into the execution chamber, gazed for a moment at the officials standing round it, then walked on to the centre of the trap, where I had made a chalk mark.\u00a0 She stood on this mark very firmly, and as I placed the white cap over her head she said in her languid voice &#8216;Schnell&#8217;.\u00a0 The drop crashed down, and the doctor followed me into the pit and pronounced her dead.\u00a0 After twenty minutes the body was taken down and placed in a coffin ready for burial<\/em>.&#8221;<\/p><p>Another famous case was that of &#8216;Lord Haw-Haw&#8217;, real name, William Joyce, whom Pierrepoint hanged at Wandsworth for treason on the 3rd of January 1946.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><p>Pierrepoint resigned over a disagreement about fees in 1956.\u00a0 He had gone to Strangeways on a cold day in January 1956 to hang Thomas Bancroft.\u00a0 He arrived at the prison only to find that Bancroft was reprieved.\u00a0 He claimed the full fee of \u00a315, (more than \u00a3200 at today&#8217;s prices), but was offered just \u00a31 in out-of-pocket expenses by the under-sheriff of Lancashire.<\/p><p>Pierrepoint appealed to his employers, the Prison Commission, who refused to get involved.\u00a0 The under-sheriff sent him a cheque for \u00a34 in final settlement.\u00a0 But to Pierrepoint this was the end of the road and a huge insult to his pride in his position as Britain&#8217;s Chief Executioner.\u00a0 He also wrote his autobiography &#8216;Executioner &#8211; Pierrepoint&#8217; which is still available.\u00a0 Albert was landlord of a public house &#8216;Help The Poor Struggler&#8217; in Manchester Road in Hollinwood, Oldham.\u00a0 Pierrepoint had been landlord since he took over in 1946, having been executioner since 1931.\u00a0 He died, still in residence, on 11th July 1992 at the age of 87.\u00a0 His death was announced on the BBC midnight news.\u00a0 He was said to pull a good pint!\u00a0 The public house, which ended its days as an electrical shop, was demolished in the 1980&#8217;s.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-73b3d08 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"73b3d08\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-93f9232\" data-id=\"93f9232\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a3e3db elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a3e3db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong><em>Translation of Ranks and Positions and some of the most used German words<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-3ffdc92 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3ffdc92\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-db38afb\" data-id=\"db38afb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5cb64d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f5cb64d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Arbeitsdienst\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong> Labour service<br \/><strong>Arbeitsdienstf\u00fchrer\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong> SS Labour Control Officer<br \/><strong>Arbeitskommando<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Working squad<br \/><strong>Block\u00e4ltester<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Block elder<br \/><strong>Blockf\u00fchrer<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 SS block leader<br \/><strong>Entlausung<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Bath House\/Delousing facility<br \/><strong>Gartenbaukommando<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Horticultural command<br \/><strong>Hauptscharf\u00fchrer<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Warrant officer Class 2<br \/><strong>Hauptsturmf\u00fchrer<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Captain<br \/><strong>Kapo<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Privileged prisoner<br \/><strong>Kommando\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong> Squad<br \/><strong>Kommandof\u00fchrer\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/strong>\u00a0SS Leader of squad<br \/><strong>Lager\u00e4lteste<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Senior camp prisoner<br \/><strong>Lagerf\u00fchrer<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0SS Camp leader<br \/><strong>Lagerleiter<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Warehouse manager<br \/><strong>Oberaufseherin<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Superintendent<br \/><br \/><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-8be4ead\" data-id=\"8be4ead\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27a7019 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"27a7019\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Oberscharf\u00fchrer\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong> Staff Sergeant<br \/><strong>Obersturmf\u00fchrer<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Lieutenant<br \/><strong>Rapportf\u00fchrer<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Staff member who calls the roll<br \/><strong>Reichsarbeitsdienst<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0German Labour Service<br \/><strong>Rottenf\u00fchrer<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Corporal<br \/><strong>Scharf\u00fchrer<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Sergeant<br \/><strong>Schutzhaftlagerfuhrer<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Head of the &#8220;preventive\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 detention camp\u201d<br \/><strong>Stammlager<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Prisoner of war camp<br \/><strong>Strafkommando<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Punishment squad<br \/><strong>Stra\u00dfenbaukommando<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Road building squad<br \/><strong>Stubendienst<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Prisoner who cleans out rooms<br \/><strong>Stuben\u00e4ltester<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Room leader who is a prisoner<br \/><strong>Totenkopfsturmbann<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Execution squad<br \/><strong>Unterscharf\u00fchrer<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Corporal<br \/><strong>Untersturmf\u00fchrer<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a02nd Lieutenant<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6f1b8db0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6f1b8db0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-77704baf\" data-id=\"77704baf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15f3ea26 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-maxmegamenu\" data-id=\"15f3ea26\" 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mega-menu-item-4226\" id=\"mega-menu-item-4226\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=4187\">Alphabetical Roll of Honour<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-4263\" id=\"mega-menu-item-4263\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=4244\">Alphabetical  \u2018A \u2013 C\u2019<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-4287\" id=\"mega-menu-item-4287\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=4270\">Alphabetical  \u2018D \u2013 G\u2019<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-4303\" id=\"mega-menu-item-4303\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=4289\">Alphabetical  \u2018H \u2013 L\u2019<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-4324\" id=\"mega-menu-item-4324\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=4304\">Alphabetical  \u2018M \u2013 Q\u2019<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-4342\" id=\"mega-menu-item-4342\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=4325\">Alphabetical  \u2018R \u2013 S\u2019<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-4366\" id=\"mega-menu-item-4366\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=4343\">Alphabetical  \u2018T \u2013 Y\u2019<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-has-children mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-651\" id=\"mega-menu-item-651\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=648\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mega-sub-menu-651\">Unit History<span class=\"mega-indicator\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"mega-sub-menu\" id='mega-sub-menu-651'>\n<li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-692\" id=\"mega-menu-item-692\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=686\">Brief History<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-691\" id=\"mega-menu-item-691\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=689\">Regimental Lineage<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-708\" id=\"mega-menu-item-708\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=693\">Battle Honours<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-707\" id=\"mega-menu-item-707\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=696\">Operations &#038; Honours<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-706\" id=\"mega-menu-item-706\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=699\">2nd Anglo-Boer War<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-705\" id=\"mega-menu-item-705\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=702\">First World War<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-655\" id=\"mega-menu-item-655\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=653\">Regimental Records<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-659\" id=\"mega-menu-item-659\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=657\">Page Turning Ceremony<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-663\" id=\"mega-menu-item-663\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=661\">Soldiers of Oxfordshire<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-667\" id=\"mega-menu-item-667\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=665\">142 (QOOH) Veh Sqn RLC<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-has-children mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-671\" id=\"mega-menu-item-671\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=669\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mega-sub-menu-671\">Churchill\u2019s Funeral<span class=\"mega-indicator\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"mega-sub-menu\" id='mega-sub-menu-671'>\n<li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-1364\" id=\"mega-menu-item-1364\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=1342\">Personal Memories<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-1363\" id=\"mega-menu-item-1363\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=1344\">MV Havengore<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-1362\" id=\"mega-menu-item-1362\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=1346\">Funeral Train<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-1361\" id=\"mega-menu-item-1361\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=1348\">St Martin\u2019s Church, Bladon<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-has-children mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-1608\" id=\"mega-menu-item-1608\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=1607\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mega-sub-menu-1608\">Liberation of Belsen<span class=\"mega-indicator\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"mega-sub-menu\" id='mega-sub-menu-1608'>\n<li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-1639\" id=\"mega-menu-item-1639\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=1624\">Before Liberation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-1638\" id=\"mega-menu-item-1638\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=1629\">Liberation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-1637\" id=\"mega-menu-item-1637\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=1633\">After Liberation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-1863\" id=\"mega-menu-item-1863\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=1861\">Bergen-Belsen Trial<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-676\" id=\"mega-menu-item-676\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=673\">Oxfordshire Blue Plaque<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-has-children mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-3745\" id=\"mega-menu-item-3745\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=3621\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mega-sub-menu-3745\">WW2 &#038; 63 (Oxf Yeo) A\/Tank Regt RA TA<span class=\"mega-indicator\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"mega-sub-menu\" id='mega-sub-menu-3745'>\n<li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-3773\" id=\"mega-menu-item-3773\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=3700\">1939 \u2013 1940<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-3822\" id=\"mega-menu-item-3822\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=3764\">1941 \u2013 1942<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-3872\" id=\"mega-menu-item-3872\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=3817\">1943<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-3905\" id=\"mega-menu-item-3905\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=3867\">1944<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-3920\" id=\"mega-menu-item-3920\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=3900\">1945<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-3983\" id=\"mega-menu-item-3983\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=3918\">1946<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-has-children mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-5087\" id=\"mega-menu-item-5087\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=4936\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mega-sub-menu-5087\">251(OY) Bty &amp; 85th Anti-Tank Regt, RA<span class=\"mega-indicator\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"mega-sub-menu\" id='mega-sub-menu-5087'>\n<li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-5091\" id=\"mega-menu-item-5091\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=5013\">Into Battle<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-5095\" id=\"mega-menu-item-5095\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=5063\">Captivity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-5119\" id=\"mega-menu-item-5119\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=5099\">Japan\u2019s Surrender<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-680\" id=\"mega-menu-item-680\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=678\">Clippings<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-684\" id=\"mega-menu-item-684\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=682\">Useful Links<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-3399\" id=\"mega-menu-item-3399\"><a class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=3383\">Our Cookie Policy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-privacy-policy mega-menu-item-3407\" id=\"mega-menu-item-3407\"><a target=\"_blank\" class=\"mega-menu-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=3403\">Our Privacy Policy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-134be8f9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"134be8f9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4c91179c\" data-id=\"4c91179c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67acbe6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"67acbe6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u00a9 qooh.org.uk\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 2019-2024\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 All rights reserved<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em>Designed &amp; written by Mick Luxford\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 with help from LCN Hosting and WordPress.org<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bergen-Belsen Trial As mentioned on the first page about Belsen Camp\u2019s Liberation, there are many stories, recollections, etc covering this event.\u00a0 What is below is a collection from many websites, the main two are &#8211; http:\/\/www.bergenbelsen.co.uk\/index.html and http:\/\/www.scrapbookpages.com\/BergenBelsen\/ConcentrationCamp.html This page covers the Trial of &#8216;Josef Kramer and Forty-Four others&#8217;. The trial of &#8216;Josef Kramer and&hellip;<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/?page_id=1861\" title=\"Continue reading &lsquo;Bergen-Belsen Trial&rsquo;\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","iawp_total_views":63,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1861","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1861","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1861"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1861\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qooh.org.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1861"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}